Tugas “Buat kalimat positive, negative, dan introgative dalam Simple Past Tense, Simple Present Perfect dan Simple Past Perfect

      Simple Past Tense

1.      (+) We finished our meal

(-) We didn’t finish our meal

(?) Did they finish their meal?

2.      (+) Diego cooked fried chicken to Filza

(-) Diego didn’t cook fried chicken to Filza

(?) Did she cook fried chicken to Filza?

            3.   (+) Hanafy went to Banten by bus

                  (-) Hanafy didn’t go to Banten by bus

                  (?) Did she go to Banten by bus?

4.      (+) Jepry bought a dress at factory outlet

      (-) Jepry didn’t buy a dress at factory outlet

      (?) Did she buy a dress at factory outlet?

5.      (+) Lala ate steak at Restaurant

(-) Lala didn’t eat steak at Restaurant

(?) Did she eat steak at Restaurant?

 

Simple Present Perfect Tense

1.      (+) Yanto has read a novel

(-) Yanto hasn’t read a novel

(?) Has she read a novel?

2.      (+) Pedro has cooked a cake

(-) Pedro hasn’t cooked a cake

(?) Has she cooked a cake?

3.      (+) I have washed the dishes

(-) I haven’t washed the dishes

(?) Have you washed the dishes?

4.      (+) The dogs have eaten their food

(-) The dogs haven’t eaten their food

(?) Have the dogs eaten their food?

5.      (+) The programmer has finished

(-) The programmer hasn’t finished

(?) Has programmer finished?

Ø      Simple Past Perfect Tense

1.      (+) He had a rose before he went to his girlfriend’s house.

(-) He had not bought a rose before he went to his girlfriend’s house.

(?) Had he bought a rose before he went to his girlfriend’s house?

2.      (+) She had read the entire book yet when she wrote the exam.

(-) She hadn’t read the entire book yet when she wrote the exam.

(?) Had she read the entire book yet when she wrote the exam?

3.      (+) They had gone to bed by ten o’clock

(-) They hadn’t gone to bed by ten o’clock

(?) Had they gone to bed by ten o’clock?

4.      (+) The cat had killed the parrot

(-) The cat hadn’t killed the parrot

(?) Had the cat killed the parrot?

5.      (+) I had gone when he arrived at my home

      (-) I hadn’t gone when he arrived at my home

      (?) Had you gone when he arrived at my home?

                       

Tugas “Cari materi mengenai Noun Clause beserta sumbernya”

Noun Clause

Noun Clause adalah Clause yang digunakan sebagai pengganti noun atau berfungsi sebagai noun (kata benda). Selain Noun Clause ini, sebenarnya masih ada clause lainnya seperti Adverb Clause dan Adjective Clause. Untuk mendalami penjelasan mengenai Noun Clause, silahkan perhatikan penjelasan di bawah ini:

Menurut jenis kalimat asalnya, Noun Clause dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi 4 macam, yaitu:

1. Statement (pernyataan)
2. Question (pertanyaan)
3. Request (permintaan)
4. Exclamation (seruan).

Penjelasan:

1. Statement

a. Conjunction yang dipakai adalah: "that"

b. Fungsi Klausa ini adalah sebagai:

1) Subjek Kalimat

• Kangaroo lives in Australia (statement)
• That Kangaroo lives is Australia is well known to all (Noun Clause)

2) Subjek Kalimat setelah "It"

• It is well known to all that Kangaroo lives in Australia

3) Objek Pelengkap

• My conclusion is that Kangaroo lives in Australia

4) Objek Kata Kerja

• All people understand well that Kangaroo lives in Australia

5) Apositif

• My conclusion that Kangaroo lives is Australia is correct.

2.      Question

A. Yes/No Question

a. Conjunction yang dipakai adalah: "whether (or not/or if)"

b. Fungsi Klausa ini adalah sebagai:

1) Subjek Kalimat

• Can she drive the car? (Question)
• Whether she can drive the car doesn't concern me. (Noun Clause)
  = Whether or not she can drive the car doesn't concern me. (Noun Clause)
  = Whether she can drive the car or not doesn't concern me. (Noun Clause)
  = Whether or if she can drive the car doesn't concern me. (Noun Clause)

2) Objek Pelengkap

• My question is whether she can drive the car.

3) Objek Kata Kerja

• I really wonder whether she can drive the car (or not).

4) Objek Kata Depan

• We discussed about whether she can drive the car.

B. Wh- Question

a. Conjunction yang dipakai adalah: "kata Tanya itu sendiri"

b. Fungsi Klausa ini adalah sebagai:

1) Subjek Kalimat

• What is he doing? (Question)
• What she is doing doesn't concern me. (Noun Clause)

2) Objek Pelengkap

• My question is what she is doing.

3) Objek Kata Kerja

• I really wonder what she is doing.

4) Objek Kata Depan

• We discussed about what she is doing.

Catatan:

Posisi kembali normal, tidak seperti posisi sebuah pertanyaan normal.

3. Request

a. Conjunction yang dipakai adalah: "that"

b. Fungsi Klausa ini adalah sebagai:

1) Objek Kata Kerja

• Read the book! (Request)
• He suggested that I read the book. (Noun Clause)

Catatan:

Tanda seru hilang.

4. Exclamation

a. Conjunction yang dipakai adalah: "kata Tanya yang dipakai pada kalimat itu sendiri"

b. Fungsi Klausa ini adalah sebagai:

1) Objek Kata Kerja

• What a pretty girl she is? (Exclamation)
• I never realize what a pretty girl she is. (Noun Clause)

2) Objek Kata Depan

• We are talking about what a pretty girl she is.

Catatan Tambahan:

• Noun Clause dengan "that" digunakan sebagai subjek dari suatu kalimat hanya dengan kata kerja tertentu. Dan kata kerja (verb) yang penting adalah linking verb, khususnya BE.
• Noun Clause dengan "that" sering menjadi objek dari verb (kata kerja), beberapa verb berikut ini biasanya mempunyai subjek yang me�nunjukkan manusia. Kata-kata tersebut terutama sekali adalah verb yang digunakan dalam Indirect Speech Berta verb yang menyatakan kegiatan mental.

Kata Kerja Kalimat Tak Langsung

Admit, agree, allege, announce, argue, assert, assure, declare, aver, boast, claim, complain, confess, convince, deny, disagree, explain, foretell, hint, inform, insist, maintain, notify, persuade, pray, predict, proclaim, promise, relate, remark, remind, report, say, state, swear, teach, tell, threaten, warn

Kata Kerja Aktivitas Mental

Ascertain, assume, believe, calculate, care (untuk kalimat negative atau interrogative), conceive, conclude, consider, convince, decide, discover, doubt, dream, expect, fancy, feel, find out, forget, grant, guess, hear, hold (pendapat), hope, imagine, indicate, know, judge, learn, mean, mind (untuk kalimat negative atau interrogative), notice, perceive, presume, pretend, prove, question, realize, recall, reckon, recollect, reflect, regret, rejoice, remember, reveal, see, show, suppose, surmise, think, trust, understand, wish

Contoh:

1. Alex thinks that Mary is ill.
2. Bob told me that he had finished breakfast.
3. Henry says that Jack is very busy.
4. He insists that there is a mistake.
5. He complained to his friend that his wife couldn't cook.

• Dalam percakapan yang tidak resmi (informal) "that" sering dihilangkan dari objek Clause jika artinya (maksudnya) sudah jelas dapat dimengerti tanpa adanya "that".

Contoh:

1. I am sorry (that) I couldn't meet you at the station.
2. He says (that) they plan to come to the dance.
3. We thought (that) you had already left for abroad.
4. The reason we returned so early is, (that) one of the children got sick.

• Noun Clause dari question (pertanyaan) yang terletak sesudah verb yang memerlukan 2 objek mungkin berfungsi sebagai salah satu atau kedua objek dari verb tersebut.

Contoh:   

1. Give the man (Indirect Object) what is in this envelope (Direct Object)
2. Give what is in the envelope  to the man.

• Noun Clause dari pertanyaan mungkin diawali dengan kata-kata tanya yang berfungsi sebagai: Pronouns, Adjectives, atau Adverbs. Kata-kata yang dipakai adalah: Pronoun     = who (ever), what (ever(, which. (ever), Adjective = whose, what (ever), which (ever), Adverb = how (ever), when (ever), where (ever), why.

Contoh:

1. We don't know who will be coming from the employment agency. (who adalah subjek dari will be coming)
2. We don't know whom the employment agency will send. (whom adalah objek dari will send)
3. We will ask whoever comes from the employment agency. (whoever adalah subjek dari comes)
4. We will ask whomever the employment agency sends. (whomever adalah objek dari sends)

• Dalam Noun Clause dari pertanyaan, subjek dan verb mempunyai susunan yang umum, yakni terletak sesudah introductory word.
• Noun Clause dari permintaan dimulai dengan that- Clause ini paling sering merupakan objek dari verb yang menyatakan permintaan, saran, atau keinginan dan sebagainya.

Contoh:

1. He is requesting that a company car be placed at his disposal.
2. The doctor recommended that he take a vacation.
3. It was suggested that she leave immediately.
4. It was proposed that the meeting be adjourned.

• Kadang-kadang "that" yang merupakan kata permulaan Clause dapat digantikan dengan susunan infinitive setelah kata-kata kerja yang menunjukkan permintaan seperti advise, ask, beg, command, desire, forbid, order, request, require, argue.
• Subjek dari that-Clause sering dalam bentuk passive dari verbs of requesting dengan susunan anticipatory it.

Referensi : http://ismailmidi.com/berita-170-noun-clause.html